Improved Sine-Cosine Nomadic People Optimizer (NPO) for Large and Synthetic Extra-large Scientific Workflow Task Scheduling Optimization in Cloud Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/dm20251000Keywords:
Workflow task scheduling, Heterogeneous cloud, Synthetic extra-large workflows, Nomadic People Optimizer, Multi-swarm optimization, Makespan, Sine-Cosine optimizationAbstract
Cloud computing has become an increasingly fundamental technology in recent years, influencing many different areas of the economy. It offers significant features such as greater scalability, on-demand resource allocation for varied workflows, and a pay-as-you-go pricing system. For cloud service providers, efficient and optimized scheduling is essential since it lowers resources consumption, operation expenses, and guarantees users' service level agreements. However, scheduling optimization becomes increasingly challenging due to the inherent heterogeneity of cloud resources and the growing scale of workflows. To tackle these issues, this study presents hybrid Sine-Cosine Nomadic People Optimizer (called QNPO) aimed at optimization of multi-objective cloud task scheduling with a special emphasis on large and extra-large scientific workflow. Sixteen synthetic extra-large heterogeneous workflows datasets were composed in this study and used to evaluate the proposed approach on a heterogeneous cloud infrastructure configure in Workflow Sim. The results indicated that the QNPO consistently outperformed traditional optimization algorithms in all proposed evaluation scenarios, achieving a significant improvement in scheduling efficiency between 30 and 60 %.
References
(1) Ullah A, Nawi NM, Ouhame S. Recent advancement in VM task allocation system for cloud computing: review from 2015 to2021. Artificial intelligence review. 2022 Mar;55(3):2529-73.
(2) Agbaegbu J, Arogundade OT, Misra S, Damaševičius R. Ontologies in cloud computing—review and future directions. Future Internet. 2021 Nov 26;13(12):302.
(3) Ghandour, O.; El Kafhali, S.; Hanini, M. Computing resources scalability performance analysis in cloud computing data center. Journal of Grid Computing, 2023, 21, 61.
(4) Loncar P, Loncar P. Scalable management of heterogeneous cloud resources based on evolution strategies algorithm. IEEE access. 2022 Jun 24;10:68778-91.
(5) Nanos I. Cloud Computing Adoption in Public Sector: A Literature Review about Issues, Models and Influencing Factors. InBalkan Conference on Operational Research 2020 Sep 30 (pp. 243-250). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
(6) Ramchand K, Baruwal Chhetri M, Kowalczyk R. Enterprise adoption of cloud computing with application portfolio profiling and application portfolio assessment. Journal of Cloud Computing. 2021 Jan 6;10(1):1.
(7) González-San-Martín J, Cruz-Reyes L, Gómez-Santillán C, Fraire-Huacuja H, Rangel-Valdez N, Dorronsoro B, Quiroz-Castellanos M. A Comprehensive Review of Task Scheduling Problem in Cloud Computing: Recent Advances and Comparative Analysis. New Horizons for Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Metaheuristics. 2024 May 22:299-313.
(8) Hosseinzadeh M, Ghafour MY, Hama HK, Vo B, Khoshnevis A. Multi-objective task and workflow scheduling approaches in cloud computing: a comprehensive review. Journal of Grid Computing. 2020 Sep;18(3):327-56.
(9) Hosseini Shirvani M. A survey study on task scheduling schemes for workflow executions in cloud computing environment: classification and challenges. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2024 May;80(7):9384-437.
(10) Konjaang JK, Xu L. Multi-objective workflow optimization strategy (MOWOS) for cloud computing. Journal of Cloud Computing. 2021 Jan 28;10(1):11.
(11) Zhang Z, Xu C, Xu S, Huang L, Zhang J. Towards optimized scheduling and allocation of heterogeneous resource via graph-enhanced EPSO algorithm. Journal of Cloud Computing. 2024 May 23;13(1):108.
(12) Prity FS, Gazi MH, Uddin KA. A review of task scheduling in cloud computing based on nature-inspired optimization algorithm. Cluster computing. 2023 Oct;26(5):3037-67.
(13) Jalali Khalil Abadi Z, Mansouri N. A comprehensive survey on scheduling algorithms using fuzzy systems in distributed environments. Artificial Intelligence Review. 2024 Jan;57(1):4.
(14) Nayak J, Naik B, Jena AK, Barik RK, Das H. Nature inspired optimizations in cloud computing: applications and challenges. Cloud computing for optimization: Foundations, applications, and challenges. 2018:1-26.
(15) Bacanin N, Stoean C, Zivkovic M, Jovanovic D, Antonijevic M, Mladenovic D. Multi-swarm algorithm for extreme learning machine optimization. Sensors. 2022 May 31;22(11):4204.
(16) Zhang Y, Gong DW, Ding ZH. Handling multi-objective optimization problems with a multi-swarm cooperative particle swarm optimizer. Expert Systems with Applications. 2011 Oct 1;38(11):13933-41.
(17) Xia X, Tang Y, Wei B, Zhang Y, Gui L, Li X. Dynamic multi-swarm global particle swarm optimization. Computing. 2020 Jul;102:1587-626.
(18) Rani S, Suri PK. An efficient and scalable hybrid task scheduling approach for cloud environment. International Journal of Information Technology. 2020 Dec;12(4):1451-7.
(19) Khan MS, Santhosh R. Task scheduling in cloud computing using hybrid optimization algorithm. Soft computing. 2022 Dec;26(23):13069-79.
(20) Abd Aliwie AN. A Pragmatic Analysis of Wish Strategies Used by Iraqi EFL Learners. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 12 [cited 2024 Sep. 6];3:.1151. Available from: https://conferencias.ageditor.ar/index.php/sctconf/article/view/1151
(21) Aliwie, A.N.A., 2024. A Pragmatic Study of Irony in Dickens’ ‘A Tale of Two Cities’. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 6(6): 147–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i6.7056
(22) Abd Aliwie, A.N., 2025. A Pragmatic Analysis of Persuasive Arguments in the 2011–2020 US Presidential Campaign Speeches. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 7(1): 480–494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i1.7243
(23) Abd Aliwie, A. N. (2025). Conversational Silence in Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party: A Pragmatic Perspective. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies. https://doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v25i2.860
(24) Al-Noori, B.S.M. Al-Mosawi, F.R.A.H. (2017). Investigating iraqi efl college students' attitude towards using cooperative learning approach in developing reading comprehension skill. Journal of Language Teaching and Research., 8(6), . 1073–1080. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0806.07
(25) Al Mosawi, F. R. A. H. (2018). Finger Family Collection YouTube Videos Nursery Rhymes Impact on Iraqi EFL Pupils' Performance in Speaking Skills. Opción: Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, (17), 452-474.
(26) Pasdar A, Lee YC, Almi’ani K. Hybrid scheduling for scientific workflows on hybrid clouds. Computer Networks. 2020 Nov 9;181:107438.
(27) Qin S, Pi D, Shao Z, Xu Y. Hybrid collaborative multi-objective fruit fly optimization algorithm for scheduling workflow in cloud environment. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. 2022 Feb 1;68:101008.
(28) Hafsi H, Gharsellaoui H, Bouamama S. Genetically-modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization approach for high-performance computing workflow scheduling. Applied soft computing. 2022 Jun 1;122:108791.
(29) Mohammadzadeh A, Masdari M. Scientific workflow scheduling in multi-cloud computing using a hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 2023 Apr;14(4):3509-29.
(30) Li H, Wang D, Canizares Abreu JR, Zhao Q, Bonilla Pineda O. PSO+ LOA: hybrid constrained optimization for scheduling scientific workflows in the cloud. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2021 Nov;77:13139-65.
(31) Han P, Du C, Chen J, Ling F, Du X. Cost and makespan scheduling of workflows in clouds using list multiobjective optimization technique. Journal of Systems Architecture. 2021 Jan 1;112:101837.
(32) Saeedi S, Khorsand R, Bidgoli SG, Ramezanpour M. Improved many-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for scientific workflow scheduling in cloud computing. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 2020 Sep 1;147:106649.
(33) Wu H, Chen X, Song X, Zhang C, Guo H. Scheduling large-scale scientific workflow on virtual machines with different numbers of vCPUs. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2021 Jan;77:679-710.
(34) Wu Q, Ishikawa F, Zhu Q, Xia Y, Wen J. Deadline-constrained cost optimization approaches for workflow scheduling in clouds. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. 2017 Aug 3;28(12):3401-12.
(35) Anwar N, Deng H. A hybrid metaheuristic for multi-objective scientific workflow scheduling in a cloud environment. Applied sciences. 2018 Mar 31;8(4):538.
(36) Salih SQ, Alsewari AA. A new algorithm for normal and large-scale optimization problems: Nomadic People Optimizer. Neural Computing and Applications. 2020 Jul;32(14):10359-86.
(37) Mirjalili S. SCA: a sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problems. Knowledge-based systems. 2016 Mar 15;96:120-33.
(38) Bharathi S, Chervenak A, Deelman E, Mehta G, Su MH, Vahi K. Characterization of scientific workflows. In2008 third workshop on workflows in support of large-scale science 2008 Nov 17 (pp. 1-10). IEEE.
(39) Deelman E, Vahi K, Juve G, Rynge M, Callaghan S, Maechling PJ, Mayani R, Chen W, Da Silva RF, Livny M, Wenger K. Pegasus, a workflow management system for science automation. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2015 May 1;46:17-35.
(40) Leong CP, Liew CS, Chan CS, Rehman MH. Optimizing workflow task clustering using reinforcement learning. IEEE Access. 2021 Jul 30;9:110614-26.
(41) Da Silva RF, Chen W, Juve G, Vahi K, Deelman E. Community resources for enabling research in distributed scientific workflows. In2014 IEEE 10th international conference on e-science 2014 Oct 20 (Vol. 1, pp. 177-184). IEEE.
(42) Pegasus Workflow Generator. Available online: https://github.com/pegasus-isi/WorkflowGenerator (accessed on 15 January 2025).
(43) Arabnejad V, Bubendorfer K, Ng B. Dynamic multi-workflow scheduling: A deadline and cost-aware approach for commercial clouds. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2019 Nov 1;100:98-108.
(44) Wang ZJ, Zhan ZH, Yu WJ, Lin Y, Zhang J, Gu TL, Zhang J. Dynamic group learning distributed particle swarm optimization for large-scale optimization and its application in cloud workflow scheduling. IEEE transactions on cybernetics. 2019 Sep 17;50(6):2715-29.
(45) Chen W, Deelman E. Workflowsim: A toolkit for simulating scientific workflows in distributed environments. In2012 IEEE 8th international conference on E-science 2012 Oct 8 (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
(46) Calheiros RN, Ranjan R, Beloglazov A, De Rose CA, Buyya R. CloudSim: a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms. Software: Practice and experience. 2011 Jan;41(1):23-50.
(47) Amazon LightSail Pricing Model. Available online: https://aws.amazon.com/lightsail/pricing/ (accessed on 15 January 2025).
(48) Abualigah L, Diabat A. A novel hybrid antlion optimization algorithm for multi-objective task scheduling problems in cloud computing environments. Cluster Computing. 2021 Mar;24(1):205-23.
(49) Behera I, Sobhanayak S. HTSA: A novel hybrid task scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous cloud computing environment. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2024 Dec 1;137:103014.
(50) Xia Y, Luo X, Yang W, Jin T, Li J, Xing L, Pan L. Dynamic variable analysis guided adaptive evolutionary multi-objective scheduling for large-scale workflows in cloud computing. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. 2024 Oct 1;90:101654.
(51) Zaki, T.; Zeiträg, Y.; Neves, R.; Figueira, J.R. A Cooperative Coevolutionary Genetic Programming Hyper-Heuristic for Multi-Objective Makespan and Cost Optimization in Cloud Workflow Scheduling. Computers & Operations Research 2024, 1–17.
(52) Mikram H, El Kafhali S, Saadi Y. HEPGA: A new effective hybrid algorithm for scientific workflow scheduling in cloud computing environment. Simulation modelling practice and theory. 2024 Jan 1; 130:102864.
(53) Li H, Tian L, Xu G, Abreu JR, Huang S, Chai S, Xia Y. Co-evolutionary and Elite learning-based bi-objective Poor and Rich Optimization algorithm for scheduling multiple workflows in the cloud. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2024 Mar 1;152:99-111.
(54) Wu D, Wang X, Wang X, Huang M, Zeng R, Yang K. Multi-objective optimization-based workflow scheduling for applications with data locality and deadline constraints in geo-distributed clouds. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2024 Aug 1;157:485-98.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Saif Hameed, Hend Marouane, Ahmed Fakhfakh, Sinan Salih (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.