The Impact of Youth Empowerment Programs on Patriotism-Driven Defense Readiness: A Meta-Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2024.645Keywords:
youth empowerment programs, patriotism-driven defense readiness, meta-analysisAbstract
Introduction: The lack of comprehensive research evaluating the impact of youth empowerment programs on patriotism-driven defense readiness among youth underlies this study. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the influence of youth empowerment programs on patriotism-driven defense readiness.
Methods: This study utilized a quantitative approach of meta-analysis type. The eligible criteria for the reviewed articles included: (1) relevant topics of discussion; (2) empirical research results; (3) having values (r), (t), or (F); (4) N ≥ 30; (5) using an internationally recognized language; (6) indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, SINTA, or at least Google Scholar; and (7) searchable in national and international online journal databases. Data collection techniques included the use of various related keywords in well-known journal databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), and Google Scholar. The software used in this data analysis was JASP 19.2.0.
Results: The results of this study revealed several findings as follows: (1) the heterogeneity test shows that the analyzed studies come from a heterogeneous population; (2) the effect size test shows the estimated effect size value of 0.845 (p < 0.001) indicating a significant level of influence and in the high category; and (3) the publication bias test using the Precision-effect test and precision-effect estimate with standard errors (PET-PEESE) t value of 0.644 and p-value of 0.524 indicate no publication bias was found.
Conclusions: This study concludes that youth empowerment programs have a significant impact on patriotism-based defense readiness, with studies originating from heterogeneous populations and without any detected publication bias.
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